Totalitarianism..Animal Farm Essays - Novels By George Orwell

Totalitarianism..Animal Farm Totalitarianism has become a fact that can hardly be ignored. During World War II when Hitler had total control to the Russia of Stalin and later Soviet leaders. For many years people have dreamed or believed in the perfect society of mandkind and of an ultimate utopia, a world where we can live together in peace. George Orwell expresses a different kind of view for the future of mankind, a view where freedom is limited, total control and there isn't any sign of hope or peace. George Orwell expresses his totalitarianism and communist view of the world in his work Animal Farm. Power was emphasized in his work Animal Farm. Orwell set a political satire and an allegory. He used animals to represent the government. The pigs were the one with all the power. Orwell gave the pigs the brain and the rest of the animals practically slaves of the pigs. The more power the pigs had the more power the pigs wanted: This is demonstrated by the continuity between Mr. Jones, the original proprietor of the farm, and Napoleon, the young boar who contrive to drive out snowball, the only competing boar on the premises, and assumed Jones's former position as well as that of Major, The old patriarch. (Pati 215). Orwell makes it explicit that the struggles goes on between the only two boars among the pigs. Napoleon ran out Snowball in order to take total control of the farm, and to run his totalitarianism rule over the animals. Presently the tumult died down. The four pigs waited, trembling, with guilt written on every line of their countenances. Napoleon now called upon them to confess their crimes. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. Without any further prompting they confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since his expulsion, that they had collaborated with him in destroying the windmill, and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal Farm to Mr. Frederick. They added that Snowball had privately admitted to them that he had been Jones's secret agent for years past. When they had finished their confession, the dogs promptly tore their throats out, and in a terrible voice Napoleon demanded whether any other animal had anything to confess.(Bloom 18). The pigs then gradually show human characteristic. First by sleeping in bed, then by drinking. The pigs had the farm in their hands. Orwell did this to show how come of the animals were unequal to the pigs. The role or rank that the characters play determine the special privileges they have. Napoleon traded eggs, milk and other things with the humans just to provide for the pigs. He left the other animals with old dried out food. Napoleon contradicted himself, but later on he changed the commandments and made it look like it was good business to trade with the humans. Orwell showed how powerful Napoleon has become. Napoleon lied, stole, and made empty promises and gotten away with it. The Seven commandments was like a brain washing tool the pigs used to get the rest of the animals to follow. 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animal are equal. This unalterable law provides the major structural basis for the rest of the animal. From this point on the plot reveals a gradual alteration of these commandments, ending in the well-known contradiction that epitomizes the new nature of the farm at the end of the book. The commandments change throughout the story. The changes were only made to benefits the pigs and only the pigs. The other animals weren't surprise or didn't care much for the change just as long they had gotten their share of food. Totalitarianism and a little bit of communism were notice able in the farm. The capability of the pigs, and their management, is reflected in the success of the farm. There its no wastage, no stealing. It is the biggest harvest in the

Action-Centred Leadership Essays

Action-Centred Leadership Essays Action-Centred Leadership Essay Action-Centred Leadership Essay This is a complete contrast to the above theory where leadership is thought to be natural and inherent. Here, the theory shows that people with leadership potential can be exposed to the correct experiences and influences to develop leadership skills. This theory can improve the organisations performance gradually, as the leaders grow in strength, so will the workforces respect and trust in them. (Mullins, 2002. ) The final theory I am going to discuss with regard to leadership is one associated with the work of John Adair (1979). It is the Action-Centred Leadership theory. It suggests effective leadership is based on the ability to match and meet task needs, the needs of the team and individuals needs. Action by the leader in any one of the areas will affect the other areas. The needs of all three areas need to be equally met and satisfied. This can be achieved through awareness and understanding of what is required of themselves as leaders and of what is needed from the three areas. If all three areas are integrated and met with properly, the leader will have a greater effect and influence, improving the performance of their followers and of the organisations performance. (Mullins, 2002. ) To return to the definition of leadership by Mullins: A relationship through which one person influences the behaviour or actions of other people. Mullins (2002) p. 904 We can see that through all three of our theories, the leader is influencing their followers. The Trait theory shows a person being a natural born leader who had an inherent flare to lead people. The Functional Approach required influence over people via responding to changes in the group and leaders growing into their roles with time and experience. Finally, the Action Centred Leadership theory showed influence over others by creating a balance across tasks and being aware that anything will affect each of these areas. (Mullins, 2002. ) The type of leadership a leader adopts can influence their followers greatly. If someone is a natural born leader, the followers house a certain amount of respect because it is a god-given talent. Functional leaders gain respect by learning with their followers and growing in strength over time. Action Centred leaders use their leadership skills to balance out the tasks, and through success, can gain respect of individuals. With the respect of their followers, leaders can manipulate them to the advantage of the organisations performance. With a clear idea of what leadership is and what it requires, I can now move on to introduce the concept of a manager into my argument. Again, to use one of Mullins definitions, I will define a managerial role: A role from which some work has to be delegated to subordinate roles The role includes planning, controlling, organising, commanding and co-ordinating the activities of the subordinates. Mullins (2002) p. 905 Many people are of the opinion that management and leadership is one and the same thing. They are wrong. There is a difference; managers are often viewed as getting things done through people to achieve the organisations targets. Leadership, on the other hand, is associated to the willingness of the followers and isnt often a role that has been set by the organisation, but has occurred naturally, it doesnt therefore have an official position within the organisations hierarchical structure. There is a difference in attitudes between management and leadership as well; they have different work goals and different relationships with people in the organisation. We can link this back to the Trait theory, leaders are naturally born and therefore managers can be made or be appointed. (Mullins, 2002. ) Management is complex, fragmented, its activities brief, opportunistic, predominantly verbal; leadership is more so. Management reacts. Leadership transforms, it makes a difference. Taffinder, P. (1995)2 taken from Mullins (2002) p. 256. There is a distinct difference managers tend to use objects, MIS and other resources to complete their tasks, whereas leaders go through people and lead them. The two roles do overlap however. Many methods of management training can also be used as a means of measuring leadership style Mullins (2002) p. 255. In order to be an effective manager, it may be necessary to adopt leadership styles and influences. The combination of both creates Managerial Leadership (Mullins, 2002. p. 253. ) By combining both elements, a type of manager will occur that should appeal to workers, someone in charge of the decision-making and yet, leads the people rather than directs them this can only have a positive effect upon the workers which will hopefully result in an overall improved performance.

Liberalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Liberalism - Essay Example Liberalism The theory of liberalism centers on a number of assumptions. The first assumption is that both state and non-state actors play a vital role in international relations. Liberalism values sub-state actors such as multi-national corporations and individuals. These actors can influence global politics (Shiraev and Zubok 389). The second major assumption under liberalism is that international relations encompass both cooperation and conflict. Liberals argue that since state are linked by finance and trade; they have incentives to cooperate with one another. This rationale allows the reduction of trade barriers such as tariffs. The democratic stability theory is also part of the second assumption and centers on the presumption that democratic states do not go to war with one another and that democratic countries do not instigate conflict. Liberals argue that democracies have shared values and norms thus identify with one another. Additionally, democracies are not subjected to military cont rol. The third assumption of the theory of liberalism is that states are not typically unitary or rational actors thus leaders play bi-level games by simultaneously negotiating with foreign leaders and making choices that maintain their constituencies’ happiness.economics can all be the most vital goal of a state. . The article speaks to the issues of international relations on environmental issues, specifically pollution and deforestation.... The primary issue is that of the environment and business as palm companies operating in Indonesia illegally burn forests so as to pave way for palm plantations. This is a recurring problem in the country. The issue of air pollution and deforestation presented in the article affects the South Asian region. The theory of liberalism holds that sub-state actors are primary instigators of international relations issues. Multinational companies that own palm plantations in Indonesia are some of the greatest masterminds of deforestation and the illegal slash-and-burn practices as they clear land for their plantations. The issue is a major problem for the actors since environmental issues such as deforestation and air pollution can affect an entire regions. The multinational corporations involved in polluting the air and deforesting lands are also bound to be impacted by the ensuing poor air quality. Like the corporations, other institutions and individuals in the region are also affected. For instance, airlines lose business as they planes are grounded while people suffer from breathing difficulties or lung diseases. The problem is experienced the same by all parties because, according to liberalism, environmental issues can dominate the international agenda thereby impacting the entire nation. All actors in the South Asian region are impacted by the consequences of palm plantations’ slash-and-burn practices. This means that the environmental issue is a collective problem, which according to liberals, is at the center of international cooperation (Shiraev and Zubok 367). The issue at hand is a demonstration of how financial power plays a significant role in shaping international politics. Indonesian officials argue that companies headquartered in

Nano- and Micro-Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nano- and Micro-Technology - Essay Example The term nanotechnology was used by N. Taniguchi of the University of Tokyo in 1974, at micrometer scale (Slator, 2002). Well, it's been more than five decades since Richard Feynman talked about the Nano components around us and we are into 21st century. Though the use of nano-components has not come to our daily usage, but the way the scientific community is working hard, it appears quite realistic in times to come. The microscopic technological developments on the nanometer scale of 0.1 to 100 nm seems to be going ahead with decent pace. Hocken et al. (2008) define nanotechnology as "the study, development and processing of materials, devices, and systems in which structure on a dimension of less than 100 nm is essential to obtain the required functional performance." Subsequent studies have indicated that when materials are reduced to nano-scale, they start exhibiting different types of properties, as compared to their performances in macro form. This proves that nano-structures can prove helpful in enabling unique applications. The traditional top-down approach in micro-fabrication process implies that we break or cut bigger materials into smaller components. In this approach we fabricate nano-objects from a larger parent entity with the help of lithographic patterning techniques. The top-down approach uses the traditional workshop or micro-fabrication methods with externally-controlled tools1. Richard Feynman, while suggesting that 'there's plenty of room at the bottom', said, "We can arrange the atoms the way we want . . . the very atom. . . all the way down!" At that time he could clearly visualise the top-down approach. The nano-fabrication technologies like photolithography, nanomolding, dip-pen lithography and nanofluidics are some examples of top-down approach. The top down approach has been used for fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds by controlling the pore geometry, size, distribution and spatial geometry2. On the other hand the bottom up approach indicates that we assemble smaller objects and build a larger useful entity. This technique uses the molecular self assembly chemical process. In this case nanomaterials or structures are fabricated from the build-up of atoms or molecules in a controlled manner that is regulated by thermodynamic means such as self-assembly3. In order to come out with quality fabrication in the bottom up approach, shaping of the nano-object and extremely precise, nanometer-scale control in positioning the object is of vital importance (Berger, 2009). Whatever might be the approach in fabricating the nano-structures, it involves precise control and manipulation of atomic particles and molecules. Fig-1 depicts the difference between top-down and bottom up approaches. Nanotechnology holds great potential in creating new materials and devices with applications in diverse fields like medicine, energy production, consumer electronics etc. In medicines it can be used in diagnostics, prevention as well as treatment. Some important

Men In Artwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Men In Artwork - Essay Example Then the sculpture was hardened by fire after which the artist would incise the decorations into the hard black shell. As the archaic period evolved, Greeks refined their techniques, and their sculptures were almost the same to the Egyptians. Unlike Egyptians, the Greeks further improved their techniques by using marbles to construct their sculptures. At the time, marble was more important and attractive than any other material that was available. Fig 5-38 shows a sculpture of a young man whose body had emphasis from all rounds and not only on frontal view but the entire angle. The Greeks revealed the invention of a relaxed, natural stance of a sculpture that is standing (Kleiner 79). It emerged as the Romans began producing finest art history with body parts in their perfect proportions. The stature appeared real and unconfined to the unnatural or boring positions they had for centuries. The stature could be viewed as though it was alive since their limbs could be seen to reach out into the space. Some states evolved into human emotions that appeared on their faces. Finally, fig. 3-14 marked the arrival of a Renaissance in the fifteenth century as artists recaptured to detail the reality that the Greeks and Romans had perfected. Artists further added value with new exciting mediums and light skins. They could determine the sitting posture and relative size of the figure by inventing the vanishing point perspective. With the modern tool, it was possible for the artists to place everything in exact proportion. Paintings commonly showed the existence of garments on the body. It became very popular, and the color brought more changes as it was used to set a mood and express the inner feelings. The artists ability to produce lifelike figures eventually began, and art made to praise God (Shary, 126). The human sculptures are just used to convey a message to the audience, although they appear colossal and significant. When a man has no color at all, the

Google SWOT Analysis

Google SWOT Analysis 1. Introduction In the recent years, with the development of globalization and world economy, the market competition becomes fiercer and fierce. Modern corporations are paying attention to their external and internal environment, as well as the achievement of corporate social responsibility. In this way, they can improve themselves according to relevant analysis. This essay will use SWOT framework to analyze Google’s external and internal environment, use PESTE framework to analyze MacDonald’s and the influence of social responsibility on Fonterra’s decision making. At last, an overall conclusion will be made. 2. SWOT analysis for Google Google is an American multinational high-tech corporation and devotes itself to internet search, cloud computing, advertisement technology and other fields. It develops and provides large number of products and services based on internet. Its major profits are from advertisement services. After about twenty years’ development, it is recognized as the largest global internet search engine with billions of users. SWOT framework is used to confirm the corporations’ competition strengths and weaknesses, external opportunities and threats so that they can connect the internal resources with external environment together (Kurttila, M., Pesonen, M., Kangas, J., Kajanus, M. 2000). Strengths. The most powerful strength lies on its brand image. According to the most valuable brand list, Google was rewarded as the most valuable brand around the world with another 40% growth last year. In the past few years, Google ranked in the top of the brand list. In order to maintain its brand value, it manages to improve itself all the time. For example, Google X lab even tried to use fire balloon to provide Wi-Fi service for remote areas. Such creativity idea has inspired its brand value. In last year, Google Project Glass made great progress (Friesner, T. 2011). And Google would promote more revolutionary products for commercial world and its clients which indicated its brand value. The second strength is its people-oriented service and it is the best reason for Google users’ selection. Its search results are not prejudicial because it refuses payment for ranking and insists on offering search results which are closest to users’ psychological demand. The inte rface of Google remains clean and neat with quick loading rate. And searching results are not involved with any commercial operation and people would not see any mandatory advertisement. In addition, Google cares about details. Its logo looks like a little nifty. The colorful circle letters seem quite amiable (Jian, X. 2007). The humorous that Google shows anywhere makes users relaxing. Weaknesses. The appearance of search bomb exposed the cynicism of Google. It was out of some internet joke from politics or entertainment. When users type WMD in the search box, Google page may show presentation of â€Å"error†. The title may show â€Å"unable to display mass destruction weapon†. But Google does not intend to make any measures. Brin and Page stated they would not influence information searching. However, such attitude will result in loss of some users because they doubt Google’s problem resolving ability. In addition, the relaxed work environment and loose lifestyle are not suitable for everyone. Some old workers complaint they are discriminated because the environment tends to be personalized and full of youthful spirit (Halligan, B., Shah, D. 2009). In addition, such environment could not motivate its employees to a large extent. Opportunities. Exploring other fields is possible direction for Google’s future development, just like Baidu entered into B2B market. With strong infrastructure base, Google is able to launch new products and services for its users. For example, it introduced Android’s software to update its platform for mobile services. Google TV, Google glass, Double Click for Publishers, and other products have stimulated its users (Moussa, S., Touzani, M. 2010). It is widely regarded as a creative corporation. In this way, it can expand its market share now and then. In addition, Google can transfer its internet search into entity search. For example, Google can build its entity book database with books contents instead of only book’s cover and price. Although it will increase its cost, it can help people access what they want. As a result, Google can expand its market share and win users’ hearts. Threats. Leaders with talents have created the wonderful brand. But can Google maintain its initial core value when the leaders leave away? The humanism and creativity are from inspiration of Brin and Page. It is critical for Google to find proper successor to maintain its brand value. When Microsoft is using operating system to bundle browser to promote its IE system, now it is paying great attention to search engine. It will pose great threat when Microsoft bundle the search engine with its operation system. Google will lose great number of users. It has to take active measures to improve its customers’ brand loyalty. 3. PESTE framework on MacDonald’s As the largest multinational chain restaurant, MacDonald’s has more than 30,000 branches around the world. It mainly sells hamburger, chips, fried chicken, soft drink, salad, fruits and other fast food. However, its external environment is changing so that MacDonald’s has to make some measures to maintain and develop its business (Bivolaru, E., Andrei, R., Purcaroiu, G. V. 2009). PESTE framework can help analyze its macro environment effectively. Political factor. Political stability is critical for MacDonald’s normal operation. As a typical and widely recognized American culture, it can represent American flag in some degree. Since September 11 event, America became the leader of anti-terrorism which made itself the major target for terrorism activities (Yeu, C. S., et al 2012). With strong chain network around the world, adding that its restaurants always have intensified customers, it has large possibility that terrorists will regard it as the target. According to the global media press, explosion events occur in MacDonald’s restraints every month. In this way, it will damage its brand image and result in potential loss of customers. Economic factor. In the United States, competition in fast food market has turned white-hot. The financial crisis has influenced negatively in the fast food industry. On the one side, brands without competitiveness and brand value have to exit the industry while MacDonald’s itself will suffer more negative impact from shrinking consumption power. With limited market capacity, the owners open more and more branches. Every fast food restaurant is trying to attract potential customers by continual products creation and marketing creativity. MacDonald’s strongest competitor, Burger King is aggressively promoting its management reform. Wendy’s restaurant has promoted new salad production line. In addition, the number of chain stores under the brand of Mike Walls is more than the MacDonald’s. What are worse, railway fast food restaurants and other Sandwich restaurants are increasing by 12% every year (Paul, R., Roy, S. K. 2014). Under such circumstance, it is h ard to maintain its current market share. Social and cultural factor. With so many chain stores around the world and gaining profits in every region, MacDonald’s takes responsibility as well, such as the conflicts among different regions and ethics. With different cultural backgrounds, people’s values and consumption customs varies too much. For example, in May 2001, about 500 protesters held activities in MacDonald’s in New Delhi and other largest commercial cities. They threw cow dung toward MacDonald’s restaurants and looted one of them. And they asked Atal Bihari, president of India to shut up all the chain stores in India. The cause of the protest was MacDonald’s used beef ingredient to make fried chips but most Hindu believers regarded cattle as holy article. Hence, MacDonald’s has to compensate for India believer, vegetarians and other relevant institutions (Kulkarni, S. S. 2012). Besides, such event damaged MacDonald’s economic loss and brand image as well. Technological factor. The modern technology develops quite fast and the productivity is increasing as well. The scientific inventions and new technology application can shorten the new product development circle. When the product updating accelerates fast, MacDonald’s has to develop new products faster. In addition, with advanced and standardized chain operation model, MacDonald’s can establish its market by qualified products, amiable service and clean dining environment. It can arrange scientific training plans to improve its staff quality as well. Environmental factor. Consumers now are inclined to pursue green and harmless products. Hence, MacDonald’s attaches great importance to green and healthy dietary. Simultaneously, people are caring about environmental protection and putting an end to white pollution. For example, in the last year, bird flu was found in Beijing Restaurant and many customers did not dare to have dinner in its restaurant which damaged its brand image in some degree (Azim, P., Azim, S. 2012). In addition, MacDonald’s was accused of producing white pollutions and many environmental protectors protested its action. As a result, MacDonald’s exchanged its plastic into paper package. 4. Corporate social responsibility analysis on Fonterra Fonterra Co-operative Group was founded in October 2001 with head office in Auckland New Zealand. Fonterra is a merger of the two largest diary corporations in New Zealand. Now it is the largest corporation in New Zealand and the sixth diary producer around the world with annual sales of $8 billion. On August 2, 2013, Fonterra claimed that one factory found clostridium botulinum in its whey protein concentrate which caused brand damage to Fonterra (Gray, S., Le Heron, R. 2014)Although Fonterra concentrated on establishment of corporate social responsibility, there are still many aspects that it should make measures to improve. When Fonterra is creating benefits and shouldering legal responsibility on shareholders, it must be responsible for its employees, consumers, community and environment (Greening, D. W., Wall, J., Elias, S. R. 2012, December). 4.1 Fonterra’s social responsibility analysis from the classical viewpoint Although the primary is to implement economic responsibility, Fonterra must obey all the laws and regulations and drive its employees, partner, suppliers and other relevant parts to act behave as well. Ethics responsibility is the expectation from the society. Fonterra should reduce its negative impact of its operation activities, products and services. Dairy products are critical for people’s health so that Fonterra must take 100% attention to concentrate on its products quality. The optimization of industrial technology updating and industrial structure, development of Green Corporation, capability of a large employer, protection of environmental protection and social security must be attached great importance to (Kong, D. 2012). In addition, Fonterra should take active part in public interest and support community education, health, humanism care, culture and art, urban construction etc which can make it a good citizen. 4.2 Fonterra’s social responsibility analysis from the socio-economic viewpoint The economic benefits that Fonterra can bring are cost reduction and government grants. Firstly, Fonterra can raise the payment for its employees’ welfare standard which can improve their working enthusiasm and increase productivity. Simultaneously, the good image that Fonterra has can attract more talents and investors and increase its competitiveness. In the long run, Fonterra can reduce its operational cost and improve its sustainability. Secondly, Fonterra can bear social responsibility to increase its market value and gain the government grant or tax preference. The contribution toward employees, government, investors, public benefits and environmental protection is positively correlated with corporation value (Fu, S. 2014). Information users will expose relevant information to the external world to indicate its good performance and increase its market value. Speaking of the social benefits, it is reflected on corporation image and organizational culture. Hence, Fonterra can shoulder social responsibility to improve its social reputation, build brand loyalty among customers group. Good image will increase the trust and independence toward Fonterra’s products, especially for Dairy Corporation. Customers will consider the social responsibility together with its commercial reliability (Stahl, G. K.et al 2013). The implementation of social responsibility will expand to its product design, manufacturing period, product quality test and after sales service. In addition, by providing its employees with safe and comfortable working environment, building good labor-capital relationship, Fonterra can build a stable and loyal employees team and it can enhance their responsibility as well. Organizational culture will be built. 5. Conclusion This essay has analyzed Google’s internal strengths and weaknesses, McDonald’s political, economic, environmental, social and cultural, technological and environmental aspects and Fonterra’s social responsibility. In this way, readers can get a better understanding of their marketing environment and social responsibility issues. 6. References Azim, P., Azim, S. (2012). Impact of Constructive Marketing Strategies on Return (Revenue Profitability): A Case Study of Mcdonald’s. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 2(7), 153-169. Bivolaru, E., Andrei, R., Purcaroiu, G. V. (2009). Branding Romania: a PESTEL framework based on a comparative analysis of two country brand indexes. Management Marketing, 4(4), 101-112. Friesner, T. (2011). History of SWOT analysis. Marketing Teacher, 2000-2010. Fu, S. (2014). The role of Chinese social media in reputation management: the case of Fonterra (Doctoral dissertation, Unitec Institute of Technology). Greening, D. W., Wall, J., Elias, S. R. (2012, December). Developing Theory in Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Entrepreneurship. In Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society (Vol. 23, pp. 91-97). Gray, S., Le Heron, R. (2014). Globalising New Zealand: Fonterra Coà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ operative Group, and shaping the future. New Zealand Geographer, 66(1), 1-13. Halligan, B., Shah, D. (2009). Inbound marketing: get found using Google, social media, and blogs. John Wiley Sons. Jian, X. (2007). The Google Development Mode of the Library. New Century Library, 2, 005. Kong, D. (2012). Does corporate social responsibility matter in the food industry? Evidence from a nature experiment in China. Food Policy, 37(3), 323-334. Kulkarni, S. S. (2012). McDonald’s ongoing marketing challenge: social perception in India. Online Journal of International Case Analysis, 1(2). Kurttila, M., Pesonen, M., Kangas, J., Kajanus, M. (2000). Utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in SWOT analysis—a hybrid method and its application to a forest-certification case. Forest Policy and Economics, 1(1), 41-52. Moussa, S., Touzani, M. (2010). Ranking marketing journals using the Google Scholar-based hg-index. Journal of Informetrics, 4(1), 107-117. Paul, R., Roy, S. K. (2014). Case Study 11: Marketing of Services: The McDonald’s Way. In Marketing Cases from Emerging Markets (pp. 99-112). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Stahl, G. K., Pless, N. M., Maak, T. H. O. M. A. S. (2013). Responsible global leadership. Global leadership: Research, practice, and development, 240-259. Yeu, C. S., Leong, K. C., Tong, L. C., Hang, S., Tang, Y., Bashawir, A., Subhan, M. (2012). A Comparative Study on International Marketing Mix in China and India: The Case of McDonalds. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 1054-1059. Appendix. Google’s brand value

Substantiality of Low Carbohydrate Diets :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

Substantiality of Low Carbohydrate Diets Being able to eat as much butter, cheese and meat as you want but not be allowed even a single slice of whole grain bread just doesn’t make sense. But, it is backed up in scientific fact. There are four types of molecules that the body processes for energy – alcohol, sugar, boy fat, and protein, in that order. Alcohol from hard liquor, wine, and beer is processed first and very quickly. To successfully be on a low carbohydrate diet, it is best to avoid alcohol. Sugar is a class of molecules that includes, but is not limited to, table sugar and are derived from carbohydrates. As long as there is very little alcohol and next to no carbohydrates in your system, your body will preferentially process body fat for energy. It is important to note that body fat and the fat in food are two different entities. Body fat is stored energy. Fat from food is not processed for energy – the body uses it for other things. Body fat is made up of a type of molecule called a lipid. When lipids are broken down to make carbohydrates, an energy molecule and a type of molecule called a ketone is released. The name of this ketone is ?-hydroxybutyrate. Other instances of fat being broken down and releasing this ketone are during fasting, starvation, and during certain eating disorders such as anorexia. The presence of this ketone causes the body to think that it is starving even though it is getting plenty of food. Glycogen, the body’s natural fuel, is stored all bound up in water. Glycogen is made up of carbohydrates. When the body does not consume carbohydrates, it dips into its reserve supply as a survival mechanism. But, in accessing reserve glycogen, all the water that it is stored in is also released. And, as the reserves don’t get restocked, the excess water stays gone. Water is reasonably heavy. So, what appears to be fat loss is actually just water weight being lost. There are a limited number of food options on a low carbohydrate diet. The dullness and lack of variety tends to reduce appetite and intake.

Qualitative Research Assignment Essay

1. Was there a clear statement of the aims of the research ? Yes. In the article, the aim of the research was to understand the experience of participants, their knowledge about type 2 diabetes, and the factors of medication adherence in Malaysia. According to Susan (2010), the five components of PICOT are population, issue, context, outcome, and time. According to Al-Qazaz et al (2011), the PICOT was presented by the researcher in the study were, P: Type 2diabetes patients with receiving of hypoglycemic medication. I: Identifying participants’ perception, and their knowledge about type 2 diabetes disease and medication. C: USM clinic of Malaysia, where the study took place. O: It helps people living with type 2 diabetes to have a diverse understanding by relating with other people’s experiences. T: March and April of 2009.  Qualitative PICOT is a framework to help in formulating effective clinical question in a step-by step manner (Melnyk and Fineout , 2010). 2. Is a qualitative methodology appropriate ? Yes.Qualitative research is to study a person’s behavior and lived experiences related to what is being studied in the research (Denzin and Lincoln, 2011). The key characteristics of qualitative study in this article included a small sample size, in-depth interview (semi-structured), researcher involving during interview, non comparisons and non numerical. In qualitative study, sample size are usually small that achieve in-depth understanding of the experiences or feeling of the participants (Polit and Beck, 2012). Meanwhile, a semi-structured interview was used to collect data by codding participants’ ideas arising until no more new themes emerging. According to Polit and Beck (2012), semi-structured interview can provide rich and detailed information during phenomenon study. In this study, a phenomenological approach was used to described the aim of the research. It is to understand the experiences of diabetic patients in Malaysia, and explore their knowledge about the medications that they have been taking. According to Judith (2007), qualitative research is characterized by its  aims to understand the experiences and attitudes of patients. In brief, a qualitative methodology is appropriate to this research. 3. Was the research design appropriate to address the aims of the research ? Yes. According to NCBI (2014), a Phenomenological study can probably explore participant’s lived experience, beliefs about the efficacy of the medication, side-effects of drug and participants’ adherence to the treatment regime. By the square, in this article, the aim is to understand the participants’ experience and explore their knowledge and medication adherence related on type 2 diabetes. Therefore, phenomenological approach is appropriate to address the aims of the research. The advantages of Phenomenological study is to reveal patients’ beliefs and experiences by a flexible way to explore the respondents’ attitude, and allowing deep understanding about knowledge and feeling of participants (Polit and Beck, 2012). However, its limitation is that samples are often small band and the researchers are not attempting to generalize the findings. 4. Was the recruitment strategy appropriate to the aims of the research ? Yes.The researcher recruited participants from USM clinic and who were diagnosed type 2 diabetes while taking on hypoglycemic medications through a convenience sampling. According to HRDAG (2013), convenience sampling is to recruit participants from a particular clinical setting during data collection of a qualitative research. Moreover, convenience sampling is easy and efficient to extract the greatest possible information from the new cases in the sample, until there is no new data could be obtained and the redundancy of data saturation was achieved (Polit and Beck, 2012). However, convenience sampling may not be a preferred sampling in qualitative research due to unable to bring out the most information-rich sources and the representative of the population (Polit and Beck, 2012). In this article, the data was only obtained in one specific clinic, that would affect the credibility of result, such as the adverse effects of medication, and the satisfaction rates from health providers. It would be better if the researcher use purpose sampling into the study.Purpose sampling is to choose participants based on specific purposes, and it is primarily used in qualitative research (Polit and Beck, 2012). it can achieve  representativeness of the population and provide credibility of the result, because the researcher will not only focus on one clinic during recruitment of participants. 5. Were the data collected in a way that addressed the research issues ? Yes.A semi-structured interview was developed for data collecting of the research. Semi-structured interview is a paper-based interview guide which contain open-ended questions and the participant to follows (RWJF,2008). Moreover,Semi-structured interview provide rich, detailed information in the phenomenon study (Polit and Beck, 2012). In the study, the researcher has described in-depth interview to explore patients’ beliefs and experiences. Besides, a consent form was signed by participants before interview, a direct tell phone contact for arranging a time of interview. Further more, all the interview has been audiotaped, and the researcher did line by line analysis and coding the data to identify the key themes. The researcher interpreted to the participants who could not understand English during the interviewing by translating from a staff nurse to avoid bias that might affect the findings. In short, the data collected were fully addressed the research issue of this study. 6. Has the relationship between researcher and participants been adequately considered ? Yes. Qualitative researchers need to develop a strong relationships with participants in the study to establish credibility (Polit and Beck, 2012). In the article, all the participants were informed the purpose of this study, and a consent form was signed by each of them. The researcher also made phone call to arrange time and place that participants would like to choose for each interview. Besides, they are allowed to express their own views at the time of interview. From the analysis above we can see the participants have been fully respected by the researcher to gain their trust. Therefore, the relationship between researcher and participants has been adequately considered in this study (Al-Qazaz et al 2011). However, there was no mention about reflexivity by the researcher in this article. According to RWJF(2008), it described that reflexivity is a process use to exam researcher’s relationship to the respondent that refers to how the researcher’s values, beliefs, acquaintances and interests influence his/her  research. It would be better if it is mentioned about how the researcher located herself or himself in the study, the readers can identify how it affect the data obtaining, that will gain the findings of the research to be more credible (Polit and Beck, 2012). 7. Have ethical issues been taken into account? Yes.In the study, a respect for human dignity was fully presented based on informing the participants about the purpose of study, distributing a consent form, and a direct phone contact before interview. The participants have been fully respected by the researcher to benefit as well as the individual’s rights. Besides, they are allowed to express their own views at the time of interview, and the participants can choose place where they feel more convenience to be interviewed. It gave researcher a chance to explore the depth-richness data from participants, and enhance the participants’ autonomy and anonymity in the study. Further more, the study was also approved by the local ethics committee. In short, the ethical issues have been taken into the study as well. There was no coercion could be found in the study. However, the researcher did not mention about the confidentiality and how was data protected. Besides, they did not mention how many times participants understanding were checked before the consent form given. According to Polit and Beck (2012), it is described that it must deal with ethical issues if the studies involving human beings, because the human rights must be protected. 8. Was the data analysis sufficiently rigorous ? Yes. In the study, the researcher has described clearly that a transcript of 12 audiotaped in-depth interviews were double checked for its accuracy. And the researcher identified the emerging themes via line by line data analysis and coding the relevant content data into categories until the data saturation was met and no more new data emerging from the interviews. According to Polit and Beck (2012), data saturation is a measurement of sample size that based on informational needs under the study. It is to achieve the rigour of data analysis until no more new information can be obtained. However, the researcher failed to mention about member checking in this study. It is not clear whether the researcher asked participants to  review and comment on the case summaries or drafts of the research report. It will effect the credibility of the data. According to Polit and Beck (2012), member checking defined as the researcher confirm their data accuracy by providing a feedback to the part icipants during data are being collected to ensure that participants’ meaning were understood, and it is for enhancing validation of the research. Further more, the researcher mentioned their data were analyzed by using means of a standard content analysis framework. Its aim was achieved by a appropriate phenomenological design in this study which have been discussed in question two. Moreover, the rigor and validity can also result in developing trustworthiness of qualitative research, and the five criterion for evaluation the trustworthiness in the research include in credibility, dependability, confirmability, transferability, and authenticity (Polit and Beck, 2012). In the study, a phenomenological design was conducted with a semi-structured interview of data collection, and coding method for data analysis. this can be sufficiently proved its credibility, dependability, and confirmability. Therefore, it can be said the data analysis of this study is sufficient rigorous. 9. Is there a clear statement of findings? Yes. Four major themes were clear stated in the study which included (1). Participants’knowledge about type 2 diabetes and its medications; (2). Side-effects of medications; (3), adherence issues; (4), relationship with family on well-being (Al-Qazaz et al 2011). According to Polit and Beck (2012), the researchers interpret the data by rereading, categorizing and coding, then developing a data analysis to point out the themes into a unified whole. In this study, the researcher used qualitative design to consider increasingly the transferability of the findings to reflect the true experiences of the participants. It is relevance and accurately from the data, and give reader thought to the implications of the study for future research and practice. Meanwhile, the researcher are in the best position to demonstrate their limitations what they have been aware from the study. Consequently, it told readers that the researchers have done what they could do to guarantee the findings we re clearly and accurately as well. 10. How valuable is the research ? The purpose of qualitative research findings was described to explore participants’ experiences to develop a specific nursing intervention for improving a better outcomes of patients, and as a potentially applicable evidence influencing in future practice (NCBI,2011). Overview this study, a phenomenological approach that explore the aim of the research, it is to understand the experience of participants, their knowledge about type 2 diabetes, and the factors of medication adherence in Malaysia. Besides, it allows a deep understanding about knowledge and feeling of participants(Polit and Beck, 2012). Moreover, a semi-structured interview was used to provide rich and detailed information during the study for its validity(Polit and Beck, 2012). Further, a convenience sampling recruited participants and extract the greatest possible information to achieve data saturation for its rigour. Meanwhile, the ethical issues has been taken into account by the researchers to benefit as well as the individual’s rights. On the other side, the researcher demonstrated their limitations what they aware of the study to enhance the findings more clearly and accurately. Regarding quantitative findings, it is not generalizable that can be applied to entire populations, however, it is generalizable in a way this particularly pertinent to nursing practice in which there is an expectation that scientific finding, and provide knowledge about human experiences to readers for future research.Thus it can be seen, the research is quite valuable. Conclusion Critical appraisal is a process to judge weather a research is usefulness or its findings are trustworthy(Young and Solomon, 2009). The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) produced a simple critical appraisal checklist guide people developing their skills what they need to make sense of scientific evidence(Burls, 2009). All of above,by following the CASP checklist in quantitative research, it was presented a Randomized Controlled Trial Appraisal Tool, to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention , a large sample size and a blinding to achieve the reliability of the outcome and prevent bias, a intention-to-treat analysis to compromise the validity of the study. Moreover, generalizability of the study can be practices in  other countries and helpful for further study. However, in qualitative research, the CASP is helped to understanding people’s lived experience and explore participant’s experience of taking the drugs, beliefs about the efficacy of the drug, side-effects and the adherence of treatment regime. A phenomenological method has been used in the qualitative study through a semi-structured interview, convenience sampling and coding to reveal patient’s beliefs and experiences, and allowing understanding of the knowledge and coping strategies in which the quantitative research is unable to cover. More, in this qualitative study, sample size is tend to be small, and the finding is not generalized(Polit and Beck, 2012). Both of researchers have considered validity, findings, and its relevance. However, in the qualitative article, if the researcher use a purpose sampling method and mention about reflexivity and member checking during data collection, that will enhance validity of the findings to be more accurate. Reference 1. Aveyard H and Sharp P (2009) A Beginner’s Guide to Evidence Based Practice in Health and Social Care Professions.Glasgow: Open University Press. 2. Al-Qazaz H, Hassali M and Sulaiman S (2011) Perception and knowledge of patients with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia about their disease and medication: A qualitative study. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 7: 180-191. 3. Bandolier (no date) Intention-to-treat analysis (ITT) Available at: http://www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/booth/glossary/itt.html [Accessed 5/92014]. 4. Chan Z, Fung Y and Chien W(2013) Bracketing in Phenomenology: Only Undertaken in the Data Collection and Analysis Process?The Qualitative Report.Volume 18, Article 59, 1-9 [online] Available at:http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR18/chan59.pdf(accessed 26/10/2014) 5. Denzin N and Lincoln Y(Eds)(2011)The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research (4thedition). Thousand Oaks:SAGE 6. Human Rights Data Analysis Group(2013) Convenience Samples: What they are, and what they should (and should not) be used for [online] Available at: https://hrdag.org/convenience-samples-what-they-are/ (accessed 3/9/2014) 7. LONDON SCHOOL of HYGLENE and TROPICAL MEDICINE(no date) Qualitative methods useful for agriculture, nutrition and health programmes. [online]Available at:https://ble.lshtm.ac.uk/pluginfile.php/54407/mod_resource/content/107/ANH101/sessions/S1S2/ANH101_S1S2_040_010.html(accessed 28/10/2014) 8. Melnyk B.M and Fineout-Overholt E (Eds) (2010) Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing & Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice (2nd edition). UK: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 9. MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES(2007) A Guide to Using Qualitative Research Methodology [online] Available at: http://fieldresearch.msf.org/msf/bitstream/10144/84230/1/Qualitative%20research%20methodology.pdf (accessed 28/10/2014) 10. Melling A, Ali B, Scott E and Leaper D (2001) Effects of preoperative warming on the incidence of wound infection after clean surgery: a randomized controlled trial. The lancet, 358: 876-880. 11. NCBI(2014) A phenomenological study to explore the experiences of Ugandan women that have undergone transvaginal ultrasound [online] Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4175835/(accessed 1/9/2014) 12. NCBI (2011) Qualitative Research Findings as Evidence: Utility in Nursing Practice. [online] Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021785/ [Accessed 13 Nov. 2014]. 13. Polit D and Beck C (Eds)(2011) NURSING RESEARCH Generating and assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice (9th edition). UK:Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 14. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2008) Qualitative Research Guidelines Project Semi-structured Interviews [online] Available at: http://www.qualres.org/HomeSemi-3629.html [Accessed 11 Nov. 2014]. 15. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2008) Qualitative Research Guidelines Project what is reflexivity [online] Available at: http://www.qualres.org/HomeRefl-3703.html [Accessed 12 Nov. 2014]. 16. Susan B.S, Fineout-Overholt E, Melnyk B.M and Williamson K.M(2010) Asking the Clinical Question: A Key Step in Evidence-Based Practice. The American Journal of Nursing.Vol. 110,No.3.Available at: http://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/pdfjournal?AID=982283&an=00000446-201003000-00028&Journal_ID=&Issue_ID=(accessed 22/10/2014)

LANDFILLS Essays - Waste Management, Landfill, Anaerobic Digestion

LANDFILLS Essays - Waste Management, Landfill, Anaerobic Digestion LANDFILLS Solid waste is the term that civil engineers use to refer to what most of us call garbage. Municipal solid waste is most familiar to us. It comes from households, institutions, and small businesess. These solid wastes enter the solid-waste stream, and the flow never ceases. While many normal activities are suspended during weekends and holidays, the flow of garbage is non-stop. Some holidays, such as Christmas, create an enormous wave of solid waste. There are essentially four ways to deal with garbage: 1) recycle it into something that can be used again, 2) dump it, 3) burn it, or 4) reduce the source of material products (such as packaging) in order to eliminate future garbage. Throughout history, dumping has been the preferred means of disposal. Today, landfills are America?s primary method for the disposal of garbage. Approximately 40 to 50 percent of everything we throw away is paper. Newspapers account for as much as 18 percent of the volume in a landfill. Grass clippings and raked-up leaves account for nearly 20 percent of our waste. Much of the notion that biodegradation takes place within a landfill is a myth. Some food and yard debris degrade at a very slow rate, but the remainder of the garbage in landfills seems to retain its original form, weight, and volume. Even after being buried in a landfill for several years, the print on newspapers remains legible. Landfills also contain a considerable amount of hazardous waste. Today, pesticides, cleansers, and motor oil are commonly found in most households. Many of these find their way to the trash. Therefore, landfills must be designed for the safe disposal of hazardous household waste. Currently, there is a critical shortage of landfills, expecially in the northeastern United States. It is estimated that 40 percent of the landfills now in use will close down within five years. The reason the percentage is so high is that most landfills are designed to be in use for only about ten years. Many landfills now closing are open dumps. Rain and groundwater trickle through the trash and dissolve metals and other chemicals. This toxic liquid, called leachate, can ooze into the ground and contaminate nearby wells and streams. In sanitary landfills, daily deposits of fresh garbage are covered with a layer of dirt or plastic or both. However, sanitary landfills can still exude leachate into the water table. In new sanitary landfills, the basin is often lined with clays and impermeable plastic sheets to keep the leachate in. While so many of the country?s landfills are closing down in the next several years, solid-waste engineers face tremendous challenges to properly seal, salvage, and monitor some of the nation?s most contaminated dumps. The use of sanitary landfills presents several additional challenges beyond safety and efficiency. One major problem is cost. It is often necessary to transport garbage several hundred miles to an available landfill. The cost for transporting garbage to a landfill can be excessive. An even bigger problem is location. Even if the landfill does not leak pollutants or foul the air, no one wants a landfill for a neighbor. Consequently, the old landfills are not being replaced. Due to the critical shortage of landfills and the concerns about their safety, environmental consciousness has been raised. There is a growing awareness of the need to improve the environment and become less dependent on landfills. We must finds ways to reduce waste, and we must find ways to convert waste into something that can be used again. Source reduction offers a real and lasting contribution toward solving our nation?s solid waste problem and conserving landfill space. Talk to your legislators, both federal and state, about this genuine method of reducing the volume of garbage.

Admissions Statistics for Saint Josephs College in Indiana

Admissions Statistics for Saint Joseph's College in Indiana To apply to Saint Josephs College, interested students will need to submit an application, along with official high school transcripts and scores from either the SAT or the ACT. The school has an acceptance rate of 77%. Those with good grades and test scores have a good chance of being admittedif your test scores fall within or above the ranges listed below, you are on track for admission. If you have any questions about the admissions process or application requirements, be sure to visit Saint Josephs website, or get in touch with someone from the admissions office. Admissions Data (2016): Saint Josephs College Acceptance Rate: 77%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 425  / 515SAT Math: 430 / 530SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 21  / 24ACT English: 16  / 24ACT Math: 17 / 23What these ACT numbers mean Saint Josephs College Description: Founded in 1889, Saint Joseph’s College is a four-year, private, Roman Catholic college located on a 180-acre campus in Rensselaer, Indiana, an hour and a half from both Chicago and Indianapolis. Students come from 23 states and a majority live on campus. With roughly 1,200 students and a student/faculty ratio of 14 to 1, SJC offers an intimate college experience in which students get to work closely with their professors. Saint Josephs College students can choose from 27 majors, 35 minors, and 9 pre-professional programs. The top majors are nursing, biology, and business administration. The Princeton Review has frequently named Saint Joe among the â€Å"Best Regional Colleges.† SJC has a long list of student clubs and organizations on campus, as well as eight intramural sports including flag football, ultimate frisbee, and dodgeball. For intercollegiate sports, the Saint Josephs College Pumas compete in the NCAA Division II Great Lakes Valley Conference (GLVC) with 18 teams, 9 men’s and 9 women’s. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 972  (950 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 48% Male / 52% Female93% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $30,080Books: $900 (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,480Other Expenses: $1,420Total Cost: $41,880 Saint Josephs College Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 96%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 96%Loans: 75%Average Amount of AidGrants: $22,294Loans: $7,117 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Business, Criminal Justice, Elementary Education, Nursing, Psychology Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 69%4-Year Graduation Rate: 43%6-Year Graduation Rate: 50% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Baseball, Golf, Soccer, Tennis, Basketball, Track, and FieldWomens Sports:  Softball, Soccer, Tennis, Basketball, Cross Country, Volleyball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Saint Josephs College, You May Also Like These Schools: Ball State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphValparaiso University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHanover College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPurdue University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphIndiana University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTrine University: Profile  University of St. Francis: Profile  Saint Xavier University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Indianapolis: Profile  Butler University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Comparing the novels 1984 and A Brave New World with the Communist Essay

Comparing the novels 1984 and A Brave New World with the Communist Soviets - Essay Example In fact, many of the propaganda posters in 1984, do not have even have the correct war on them. None of this matters because a common enemy has been created, giving the government a lot more power in achieving exactly what it wants, without any internal conflict or protest. Both Trotsky and Goldstein are also accused of terrorist attacks, which is another way for political leaders to create fear within people, which was possible because they â€Å"were able the establish control over a large number of presses, paper supplies, and other printing establishments† (Suny 23). Creating fear among the population base is a good way of blinding them to the real motives behind their actions. In both situations, the governments create a representation of evil, in order to achieve a certain goal. A scapegoat is created in order to distract the people from reality and make the powers that be less accountable for their actions.  In fact, many of the propaganda posters in 1984, do not have even have the correct war on them. None of this matters because a common enemy has been created, giving the government a lot more power in achieving exactly what it wants, without any internal conflict or protest. Both Trotsky and Goldstein are also accused of terrorist attacks, which is another way for political leaders to create fear within people, which was possible because they â€Å"were able the establish control over a large number of presses, paper supplies, and other printing establishments† (Suny 23). Creating fear among the population base is a good way of blinding them to the real motives behind their actions. In both situations, the governments create a representation of evil, in order to achieve a certain goal. A scapegoat is created in order to distract the people from reality and make the powers that be less accountable for their actions.   The communist leaders of the Soviet Union were notorious for the manner in which they were able to control their popul ation. These leaders used methods that are very similar to the methods used in Brave New World and 1984, as these novels show situations in which mind control and totalitarianism are used in order to keep a population under control. In Brave New World, a mind controlling drug is used in order to achieve this, while in 1984, fear of an unknown enemy is how the population is controlled. In both cases, the government uses whatever methods are necessary, just as the Soviet governments did during the Cold War.  

UNICEF advertisement concerning the AIDS epidemic Essay

UNICEF advertisement concerning the AIDS epidemic - Essay Example Finally, seeking to understand this advertisement from yet another perspective, the rhetorical approach of logos, demands that the individual focus upon the moment in time it just prior to the advertisement concluding and/or the moments prior to the UNICEF emblem being flashed upon the screen. Within this brief period of time all of the preceding information that has been driven by thoughts and a sense of emotional distress and need for action is juxtaposed with the statement: â€Å"What we see as fiction... Is real in Ethiopia† (Unicef 2007). Such a statement of fact links all of the seemingly disjointed emotionally charged imagery and tax that was presented previously and the advertisement to a definitive and logical conclusion. Whereas it may be hard for the individual to accept the images of orphans, innately poor, struggling to survive in burned out towns with no viable means of support or education as a fictitious rendering of a post-apocalyptic world, this is very much unfortunately the case within many parts of Ethiopia and Eastern Africa that are heavily impacted by the AIDS epidemic. By referencing all of this information and utilizing all three of the previously denoted rhetorical strategies, the director and producer, and indeed all of the people responsible for the production of this ad, effectively integrated with as large a market audience as is possible. As has been denoted through previous levels of research, effectively representing these rhetorical stragegies in the making of a well nuanced case that can be effectively presented to the viewer was the primary goal that the director and producer/writer and composer of this... UNICEF advertisement concerning the AIDS epidemic Firstly, the pathos of the video is clear and apparent from the very first frame of the video; as the viewer is greeted with an expansive cemetery perforated by concentric lines of seemingly endless white crosses. This imagery serves to evoke an emotional response within the reader by accompanying this morbid sight with very slow moving and contemplative, one might even argue depressing, music. A very clear and apparent level of connection is found to exist between those images and sounds that the viewer sees and hears and the subject matter that is being presented. Moreover, by presenting a steady stream of images connecting homelessness, poverty, orphans, and a post-apocalyptic environment, each of these emotionally charged images is capable of invoking a response upon the part of the viewer; a response that the director and producer of this brief advertisement were fully aware could be evoked. By referencing all of this information and utilizing all three of the previously denoted rhetorical strategies, the director and producer, and indeed all of the people responsible for the production of this ad, effectively integrated with as large a market audience as is possible. As has been denoted through previous levels of research, effectively representing these rhetorical stragegies in the making of a well nuanced case that can be effectively presented to the viewer was the primary goal that the director and producer/writer and composer of this piece necessarily intended.